The name ‘Indonesia’ itself was used for the first time at the Second Youth Congress on October 28 1928. Long before that the region now called Indonesia was better known as the Archipelago. Various kingdoms exist in this archipelago.
The archipelago almost never escapes colonialism from foreign nations. Abundant natural resources are a target. In 1509, the Portuguese succeeded in controlling the regions of Malacca, Ternate and Madura. One of the resistances carried out was by Fatahillah from Demak who succeeded in seizing Sunda Kelapa from the Portuguese in 1602.
After the Portuguese, the Dutch then went to the Banten region under the leadership of Cornelis de Houtman. At that time, the Dutch wanted to form a VOC and control Indonesian spices.
In forming the VOC there were several agreements that the Dutch had to adhere to, such as the Bongaya agreement and the Giyanti agreement. After the VOC was disbanded, the Dutch finally appointed Herman William Daendels as governor general of the Dutch East Indies. During his time, he forced people on the island of Java to work to build the Anyer-Panarukan route.
The Dutch controlled Indonesia for approximately 350 years. Until finally Japan entered Indonesia and attacked the Netherlands until they surrendered unconditionally. Japanese rule ended after 3.5 years of colonization and ended when the allied forces lost in World War II. Apart from that, two cities in Japan, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, were bombed by allied troops.
Knowing that Japan had lost, the BPUPKI or Dokuritsu Junbi Cosakai body was formed, chaired by Dr. Radjiman Widyodiningrat.
After hearing about Japan’s defeat on August 14 1945, the younger group urged the older group to quickly proclaim independence.
In the history of Indonesia’s independence process, the Rengasdengklok incident occurred, namely the kidnapping of Soekarno and Hatta by young people to speed up the implementation of the proclamation.
After returning to Jakarta, Soekarno and Hatta began compiling the text of the proclamation at Admiral Maeda’s house, assisted by Achmad Soebardjo and witnessed by Soekarno, B.M, Diah, Sudiro and Sayuti Melik.
The text of the proclamation was finally read on August 17 1945. The history of Indonesia after independence was to ratify and establish the Constitution (UUD) as the basis of the Republic of Indonesia which was finally known to the public as the 1945 Constitution.